Abstract.

Theory and Related Research.

Research Design

Discussion of the Findings

Analysis, Conclusions and Implications

Autobiographical Sketch of Author

References

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      References

References for Theories and Research

  Brown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Day, J. D. (1981). Learning to learn:  On training students to learn from texts.  Educational Researcher, 23 (1), 14-21.

  Bryant, D.P., Ugel, N., Thompson, S., & Hamff, A. (1999).  Instructional strategies for content-area reading instruction.  Intervention in School & Clinic, 34 (5), 293 – 305.

  Casteel, C. P., Isom, B. A., & Jordan, K. F. (2000).  Creating confident and competent readers.  Intervention in School & Clinic, 36 (2), 67-75.

Caverly, D.C., Mandeville, S.A., & Nicholson, S.A. (1995).  PLAN: A study-reading strategy for informal text.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 39 (3), 190 – 199.

Ciardiello, A.V. (1998).  Did you ask a good question today? Alternative cognitive and metacognitive strategies.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42 (3), 210-219.

  Davey, B. (1983).  Think aloud – Modeling the cognitive processes of reading comprehension.  Journal of Reading, 27 (1), 44 –47.

Dewitz, P., Carr, E. M., & Patberg, J. P. (1987).  Effects of inference training on comprehension and comprehension monitoring.  Reading Research Quarterly, 22 (1), 99-118.

Dowhower, S.L. (1999).  Supporting a strategic stance in the classroom: A comprehension framework for helping teachers help students to be strategic. Reading Teacher, 52 (7), 672 - 689.

Durkin, D. (1978 - 1979). What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction.  Reading Research Quarterly, 14 (4), 481 - 533.

Flood, J., & Lapp, D. (1990).  Reading comprehension instruction for at-risk students: Research-based practices that can make a difference.  Journal of Reading, 33 (7), 490- 495.

Gambrell, L. B., Koskinen, P. S., & Kapinus, B.A. (1991).  Retelling and the reading comprehension of  proficient and less proficient readers.  Journal of Educational Research, 84 (6),  356- 362.

Gersten, R., Fuchs, L. S., Williams, J. P., & Baker, S. (2001).  Teaching reading comprehension strategies to students with learning disabilities:  A review of research. In Review of Educational Research, 71 (2),  279-320.

Helfeldt, J. P., & Henk, W. A. (1990).  Reciprocal question-answer relationships:  An instructional technique for at-risk readers.  Journal of Reading, 33 (7), 509 - 514. 

Jacobson, R. (1998).  Teachers improving learning using metacognition with self-monitoring learning strategies.  Teacher Assessment, 118, 579 - 591.

Katims, D. S., & Harris, S. (1997).  Improving the reading comprehension of middle school students in inclusive classrooms.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 41 (2), 116 - 123.

Lipson, M. Y. (1984).  Some unexpected issues in prior knowledge and comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 37 (8), 760 – 764.

Nolte, R. Y., & Singer, H. (1985). Active comprehension: Teaching a process of reading comprehension and its effects on reading achievement.  The Reading Teacher, 39 (1), 24 –31.

Oster, L. (2001).  Using the think-aloud for reading instruction.  Reading Teacher, 55 (1), 64 - 70.

Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1986).  Interactive teaching to promote independent learning from text.  Reading Teacher, 39 (8), 771 - 777.

Palinscar, A.S., & Brown, A.L. (1988).  Teaching and practicing thinking skills to promote comprehension in the context of group problem solving. Remedial and Special Education, 9 , 53 – 59.

Pressley, M., El-Dinary, P.B., Gaskins, I., Schuder, T., Bergman, J.L., Almasi, J., & Brown, R. (1992).  Beyond direct explanation: Transactional instruction of reading comprehension strategies.  The Elementary School Journal, 92 (5), 513 - 556.

Pressley, M., Johnson, C. J., Symons, S., McGoldrick, J. A., & Kurita, J. A. (1989).  Strategies that improve children's memory and comprehension of text.  The Elementary School Journal, 90 (1), 3 - 31.

Rhoder, C. (2002).  Mindful reading: Strategy training that facilitates transfer.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 45 (6), 498 - 512.

Roe, M. F. (1992).  Reading strategy instruction: Complexities and possibilities in middle school.  Journal of Reading, 36 (3), 190 - 196.

Rosenshine, B., & Meister, C. (1994).  Reciprocal teaching: A review of the research.  Review of Educational Research, 64 (4), 479 - 530.

Rosenshine, B., Meister, C., & Chapman, S. (1996). Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies.  Review of Educational Research, 66, 181 – 221.

Ruddell, M. R., & Shearer, B. A. (2002).  "Extrodinary, tremendous, exhilarating, magnificent": Middle school at-risk students become avid word learners with the Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS).  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 45 (5), 352 - 363.

Simpson, M. L., & Nist, S. L. (2000).  An update on strategic learning: It's more than textbook reading strategies.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 43 (6), 528 - 542.

Vygotsky, L. (1986). Thought and language. In Kozulin, A. (Ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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