In the above picture two student-led discussion groups are in process. The teacher  and student teacher stood outside the group to both monitor verbal flow data, and to help coach students  in the "manners" of  good discussion.     

    The student on the left is writing his questions on the sticky notes he will use for conversation topics/questions during teacher-facilitated or student-led discussion groups.

    The students on the right are engaged in student-led discussion using their sticky notes and stories to refer to as they share their viewpoints, questions and insights. They had previously spent time reading and writing on the sticky notes, in their assigned roles of  either questioner or summarizer.

    Teacher in the background is charting the verbal flow of the students in the student-led discussion group as it is in progress. The number of times students spoke was checked in both student-led and teacher facilitated discussion. The charts were later compared to see which format encouraged more student engagement.