Literacy Paradigm
The following is an overview of literacy development in the elementary school-pre-k to grade 5 -based on my personal understanding of literacy.
Emergent Literacy (Pre-School into Grade 1)
Listening
Read Aloud
Stories on tape
Story teller
Flannel board story
Listening to sounds & sequence of sounds
Listening games-identify sound and its location
Listening games-memory
Listening games-following directions
Stories on computer
Oral Language
Puppets
Show and Tell
Re-telling of a story
News announcements to the class
Role playing
Book talk
Whole class discussion
Share work products with class
Re-count experiences
Tell stories
Describe ideas, events, objects
Small group discussion
Shared reading with follow-up discussion
Phonemic Awareness
Listening games-auditory discrimination
Rhyming activities-words, poetry, songs, jingles and stories
Oddity Tasks: Phoneme isolation and identification- initial, final and medial sounds
Oral Blending and segmenting of sounds
Phonemic Manipulation-Initial, final and medial sound replacement to make new words
Syllabication
Do nursery rhymes, other rhymes, poems, games with songs, and stories with rhymes & alliteration
Visual Discrimination
Matching cards, pictures and shapes
Matching letter forms
Identify letter names
Environmental print
Early Reading (Kindergarten into Grade 2)
Phonics
Awareness of sounds in spoken words
Identification of sounds in spoken words
Associate sounds with letter forms
Letter patterns and word families
Apply knowledge of sound/letter association
Morpheme analysis
Whole Language
Shared reading of bog books, charts, nursery rhymes
Echo reading
Choral reading
Word walls
Sentence strip activities
Reading (Grade 1 into Grade 4-to Develop Fluency/Transitional Reading)
Oral Reading
Shared reading
Echo reading
Choral reading
Partner reading
Independent reading
Guided reading (leveled books)
Directed reading (lead-in, reading, follow-up).
Silent Reading
Book corner
S. S. R.
Comprehension
Q. T. A. (Question The Author)
Think alouds
Beach Ball activity
KWL (what we know, want to find out , and what we have learned)
Semantic maps, Webs, Clusters
Venn Diagrams
Doing the book (acting out scenes as a re-telling)
Scaffolding-silent reading & self-monitoring, graphic organizers, reading-writing connection
Teacher Modeling-Imagery, prediction, questioning, re-telling, summarizing, writing
Early Writing
Tell adults what to write to accompany drawing
Random markings on paper to communicate a message
Circular scribble
Horizontal & linear scribble with some breaks
Known letters (individually) represent written language
Random strings of letters written
Invented (approximate) spelling of words, phrases and sentences
Copy letters
Copy words
Attempt to write own name
Writing
Shared writing
Group writing
"Invented" (approximate) spelling of words and sentences
Author's Chair
Writer's Workshop
Focused writing-reports, letters, essays, poems
Journals
Use of computer to write, edit and print
Writing Processes-planning, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
Writing Conventions-spelling, grammar & usage, syntax, genre, handwriting
Assessment
Re-telling
Literacy Portfolios
Checklists
Reading/Writing/Oral Language Continuums
Writing Samples
Spelling List Samples (dictated by the teacher)
Questioning Techniques (for literal, interpretive, and critical thinking questions)
K-1 Literacy Inventory
Integrated Performance Language Arts Assessment/Harcourt Brace
Formal Assessment-MCAS, Mandated standardized tests
"All About...." Books
Anecdotal Records
Data Charts
D. R. T. A (Directed Reading/Thinking Activity)
K-W-L
Observation
Phonics Inventory
Performance Based Tasks
Quick Write/Quick Draw
Reader Response Journal
Reports-grade 1 and above
Rubrics
Running Record
Self-Assessment
Venn Diagrams
Written Tests-grade 1 and above
Word Sorts-meaning, sound/letter association, spelling patterns (rhyme)
Home-School Connection
Read aloud to children
Discuss stories that have been read with children
Classroom volunteers
Encourage parents to take children to the library
Recommend community resources for families
Encourage parents to provide for reading and writing in the home
Volunteer in school literacy activities (book fair)
Make and play literacy activities with children
Encourage children to re-tell a story to family members