Turabian Style - Sample Footnotes and Bibliographic Entries (6th edition)
Turabian documentation format uses Footnotes or Endnotes and a Bibliography.
Footnotes or Endnotes: In the text, the note reference follows the passage to which it refers and is marked with an arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript). Notes are arranged numerically at the foot (Footnotes) of the page or at the end (Endnotes) of the essay, article, or book. Notes include complete bibliographic information when cited for the first time.
Bibliography: Lists only sources used in writing the paper. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author's surname and include complete bibliographic information.
See the following examples for more information. Note the difference in form and punctuation.
| Type of entry |
Note Entry Form |
Bibliography Form |
| Book, one author |
Daniel A. Weiss, Oedipus in Not-
tingham: D.H. Lawrence (Seattle: Univer-
sity of Washington Press, 1962), 62. |
Weiss, Daniel A. Oedipus in Nottingham:
D.H. Lawrence. Seattle: University
of Washington Press, 1962. |
| Book, two authors |
Walter E. Houghton and G. Robert
Strange, Victorian Poetry and Poetics
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1959), 27 |
Houghton, Walter E., and G. Robert Strange.
Victorian Poetry and Poetics. Cam-
bridge: Harvard University Press,
1959. |
| Book, 3+
authors / Book in a
series |
Jaroslav Pelikan and others, Reli-
gion and the University, York Univer-
sity Invitation Lecture Series (Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1964), 109. |
Pelikan, Jaroslav, M.G. Ross, W.G. Pollard,
M.N. Eisendrath, C. Moeller, and A.
Wittenberg. Religion and the Uni-
versity. York University Invitation
Lecture Series. Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 1964. |
| Book, no author
given |
New Life Options: The Working Wom-
en's Resource Book (New York: McGraw-
Hill, 1976), 42. |
New Life Options: The Working Women's Re-
source Book. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1976. |
| Institution, association, or the
like, as "author" |
American Library Association, ALA
Handbook of Organization and 1995/1996
Membership Directory (Chicago: American
Library Association, 1995), MD586. |
American Library Association. ALA Handbook
of Organization and 1995/1996 Member-
ship Directory. Chicago: American
Library Association, 1995. |
| Editor or compiler
as "author" |
J.N.D. Anderson, ed., The
World's Religions (London: Inter-
Varsity Fellowship, 1950), 143. |
Anderson, J.N.D., ed. The World's Reli-
gions. London: Inter-Varsity
Fellowship, 1950. |
| Edition other than
the first |
William R. Shepherd, Historical
Atlas, 8th ed. (New York: Barnes
& Noble, 1956), 62. |
Shepherd, William R. Historical Atlas, 8th
ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1956. |
| Reprint edition |
Gunnar Myrdal, Population: A
Problem for Democracy (Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1940;
reprint, Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith,
1956), 9. |
Myrdal, Gunnar. Population: A Problem
for Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1940. Reprint,
Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1956. |
| Component part by
one author in a
work by another |
Paul Tillich, "Being and Love,"
in Moral Principles of Action, ed.
Ruth N. Anshen (New York: Harper &
Bros., 1952), 663. |
Tillich, Paul. "Being and Love." In
Moral Principles of Action, ed. Ruth N.
Anshen, 661-72. New York: Harper &
Bros., 1952. |
| Electronic document: From Internet |
William J. Mitchell, City of
Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn
[book on-line] (Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1995, accessed 29 September
1995); available from
http://www-mitpress.mit.edu:80/
City_of_Bits/Pulling_Glass/
index.html; Internet. |
Mitchell, William J. City of Bits: Space,
Place, and the Infobahn [book on-
line]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
1995, accessed 29 September 1995;
available from http://www-mitpress.
mit.edu:80/City_of_Bits/Pulling_Glass/
index.html; Internet. |
| Encyclopedia,
unsigned article |
Collier's Encyclopedia, 1994 ed.,
s.v. "Mindoro." |
Well-known reference books are generally
not listed in bibliographies. |
| Encyclopedia,
signed article |
C. Hugh Holman, "Romanticism," in
Encyclopedia Americana, 1988 ed. |
Well-known reference books are generally
not listed in bibliographies. |
| Interview (unpublished) by
writer of paper |
Nancy D. Morganis, interview by
author, 16 July 1996, Fall River, MA,
tape recording. |
Morganis, Nancy D. Interview by author, 16
July 1996, Fall River, MA. Tape
recording. |
| Newspaper article |
"Profile of Marriott Corp.," New
York Times, 21 January 1990, sec. III,
p. 5. |
"Profile of Marriott Corp." New York
Times, 21 January 1990, sec. III,
p. 5. |
| Article in a journal or magazine
published monthly |
Robert Sommer, "The Personality
of Vegetables: Botanical Metaphors for
Human Characteristics," Journal of
Personality 56, no. 4 (December 1988):
670. |
Sommer, Robert. "The Personality
of Vegetables: Botanical Metaphors
for Human Characteristics." Journal
of Personality 56, no. 4 (December
1988): 665-683. |
| Article in a magazine published
weekly (or of
general interest) |
Robin Knight, "Poland's Feud in
the Family," U.S. News and World Re-
port, 10 September 1990, 52. |
Knight, Robin. "Poland's Feud in the Fam-
ily." U.S. News and World Report, 10
September 1990, 52-53, 56. |
| Thesis or dissertation |
O.C. Phillips, Jr., "The
Influence of Ovid on Lucan's Bellum
Civile" (Ph.D. diss., University of
Chicago, 1962), 14. |
Phillips, O.C., Jr. "The Influence of Ovid
on Lucan's Bellum Civile." Ph.D.
diss., University of Chicago, 1962. |
FOR ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES AND INSTRUCTIONS, SEE A
MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF TERM PAPERS, THESES, AND
DISSERTATIONS (TURABIAN), ON RESERVE AT THE CIRCULATION DESK.
Last Modified: August 29, 2003
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